The more time that passes without treatment to restore blood flow, the greater the damage to the heart muscle. Coronary artery disease CAD is the main cause of heart attack. A less common cause is a severe spasm, or sudden contraction, of a coronary artery that can stop blood flow to the heart muscle. Other symptoms of a heart attack could include unusual or unexplained tiredness and nausea or vomiting.
Women are more likely to have these other symptoms. Learn more about women and heart disease. Every 40 seconds, someone in the United States has a heart attack. If you notice the symptoms of a heart attack in yourself or someone else, call immediately.
The sooner you get to an emergency room, the sooner you can get treatment to reduce the amount of damage to the heart muscle. At the hospital, health care professionals can run tests to find out if a heart attack is happening and decide the best treatment. In some cases, a heart attack requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR or an electrical shock defibrillation to the heart to get the heart pumping again.
Bystanders trained to use CPR or a defibrillator may be able to help until emergency medical personnel arrive. Remember, the chances of surviving a heart attack are better the sooner emergency treatment begins. In fact, most people with type 2 diabetes eventually develop heart disease. Sitting a lot and not exercising can nearly double the risk of poor heart health.
Diet matters too: Following a low-carb, healthy-fat, lean protein diet such as the Mediterranean diet can improve heart-health while also helping you maintain a healthy weight. Being overweight or obese is linked to other risks for coronary artery disease. Even light or occasional smoking can increase the formation of plaque.
Cigarette smoke also reduces the available oxygen to your heart and lungs, and can add to chest pain if you already have a heart condition. Women over age 35 who smoke and take birth control pills have an additional risk. Most people with a significant family history of heart disease have one or more other risk factors.
The risk that smokers will develop coronary heart disease is much higher than that for nonsmokers. Cigarette smoking is a powerful independent risk factor for sudden cardiac death in patients with coronary heart disease.
Cigarette smoking also interacts with other risk factors to greatly increase the risk for coronary heart disease. Learn about smoking and cardiovascular disease. As your blood cholesterol rises, so does your risk of coronary heart disease. When other risk factors such as high blood pressure and tobacco smoke are also present, this risk increases even more.
This stiffening of the heart muscle is not normal and causes the heart to function abnormally. It also increases your risk of stroke, heart attack, kidney failure and congestive heart failure.
When high blood pressure is present alongside obesity, smoking, high blood cholesterol levels or diabetes, the risk of heart attack or stroke increases even more. Learn more about managing your blood pressure. An inactive lifestyle is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Regular, moderate to vigorous physical activity helps reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Physical activity can help control blood cholesterol, diabetes and obesity. It can also help to lower blood pressure in some people.
People who have excess body fat — especially if a lot of it is at the waist — are more likely to develop heart disease and stroke, even if those same people have no other risk factors.
Overweight and obese adults with risk factors for cardiovascular disease such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol or high blood sugar can make lifestyle changes to lose weight and produce significant reductions in risk factors such as triglycerides, blood glucose, HbA1c and the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. Many people may have difficulty losing weight. But for those above a healthy weight, a sustained weight loss of 3 to 5 percent of your body weight may lead to significant reductions in some risk factors.
Greater sustained weight losses can improve blood pressure, cholesterol and blood glucose. Learn more about managing your weight. Even when glucose levels are under control, diabetes increases the risk of heart disease and stroke. The risks are even greater if blood sugar is not well-controlled. At least 68 percent of people with diabetes over 65 years of age die of some form of heart disease. Among that same group, 16 percent die of stroke.
If you have diabetes, be sure to work with your doctor to manage it, and control any other risk factors that you can. To help manage blood sugar, people with diabetes who are obese or overweight should make lifestyle changes, such as eating better or getting regular physical activity. These factors may affect established risk factors. The only way to know whether you have high cholesterol is to get your cholesterol checked. Learn more about getting your cholesterol checked.
Diabetes mellitus. Your body needs glucose sugar for energy. Diabetes causes sugar to build up in the blood. The risk of death from heart disease for adults with diabetes is higher than for adults who do not have diabetes. Obesity is excess body fat. Obesity can lead to high blood pressure and diabetes as well as heart disease. Talk with your health care team about a plan to reduce your weight to a healthy level. Learn more about healthy weight. When members of a family pass traits from one generation to another through genes, that process is called heredity.
Genetic factors likely play some role in high blood pressure, heart disease, and other related conditions. However, it is also likely that people with a family history of heart disease share common environments and other factors that may increase their risk.
The risk for heart disease can increase even more when heredity combines with unhealthy lifestyle choices, such as smoking cigarettes and eating an unhealthy diet. Heart disease is the number one killer of both men and women. Heart disease can happen at any age, but the risk goes up as you age. Heart disease and stroke can affect anyone, but some groups are more likely to have conditions that increase their risk for cardiovascular disease. Heart disease is the leading cause of death for people of most racial and ethnic groups in the United States, including African Americans, American Indians and Alaska Natives, and white people.
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