Latin America, the new geopolitical situation and the construction of a new regionally based model of development Regional integration can play a key role in this new historical context, especially when we consider two fundamental strategic perspectives that have widened in recent years: Countries in the region want to define their own role in the multi-polar world that is emerging, in spite of the growing difficulties caused by the U.
They are unable to assume this role on their own, No single country, not even the most powerful ones, acting isolatedly will be able to implement dynamics that differ from those driven by the globalized world market. However, to move forward in this direction, the integration process must be seen as part of a transition towards an alternative model of production and consumption that overcomes the limits of the current development model.
The crisis and the limits it imposes on the possibility of maintaining the status quo should compel us to overcome existing weaknesses and to develop the new dynamism that institutional developments must promote. These efforts must be linked to the need to respond to the crisis with an autonomous and alternative development project for the region — that is, one that has been emancipated from the interests of current world powers.
Defining the path that will lead us to the type of regional integration we propose: - A regionally organized and regulated production strategy First and foremost, this strategy must be radically different from providing support for major companies that are seeking to acquire at the regional level the strength they need to compete in the global market.
These companies will soon attempt to reactivate this process, which could advance freely and rapidly if it is not confronted by an integration project based on solidarity that serves as a political and economic counterproposal. This is not, however, the kind of integration we want. To construct regional integration as an alternative to the crisis, we must focus our attention on two essential elements.
This must be done in a way that ensures that their expansion is not seen as an attempt to reaffirm hegemonies and the power of some countries over others, but rather as one possible way of generating economic dynamism, employment and wealth for the entire region. Overcoming asymmetries as a short-, medium- and long-term objective One of the priorities of the integration process should be to overcome asymmetries between countries and within the countries of the region, creating integrated production systems as well as production, service and trade circuits in which everyone may become integrated.
The fundamental objective would be to use this process to generate dynamic development opportunities for regions and countries that are currently experiencing difficulties or suffering from stagnation. Given the historical accumulation of fragilities of entire regions and countries in Latin America, we should first adopt specific policies that seek to compensate existing asymmetries in the short run, namely in the area of social development, in a way that reduces the differences and, at the same time, allows these regions to develop their ability to take advantage of dynamic opportunities in the process.
Regional technical and cultural production Incentives could and should be provided for important elements, due to their capacity to propel the regional development process and to increase the visibility and popularity of our alternatives. They also have potential to generate dynamism and to contribute to finding solutions for specific problems in the region. In several countries, there already exist centres for technological development specialized or generic in various fields ranging from agriculture and livestock to the aeronautic and pharmaceutical industries, among others.
There is no reason not to integrate these centres. We should do so in order to take advantage of their synergies and use the resources generated in the region for the benefit of all of Latin America.
The major powers specifically use these rules to stop small countries and emerging economies from coordinating their productive activities with the goal of exporting to markets outside of the region. Small and medium enterprises as a priority Another element is providing general or sector-based incentives for the development of small and medium enterprises SMEs. SMEs could be stimulated by the integrated development of regional markets.
They could also operate in a range of fields — from software development to tourism e. Small and medium enterprises offer real potential in terms of job creation. Moreover, by linking them to the regional integration process — that is, one that truly supports development — they could lend significant social legitimacy to the process.
Regional food sovereignty and support for family farming in small and medium production units The viability of certain local and regional items produced by family and peasant farmers is compromised by the limits of consumption in these regions and in some countries. Therefore, the creation of a regional market could help to guarantee the viability of a more diversified production of agricultural products.
This production must differ from the homogeneity of the products and productive processes that are typical of agribusiness, with its highly concentrated and transnationalized commercialization structure and technological packages. The distribution of these products could also gain momentum and promote regional gastronomy, gastronomic tourism and other activities that could generate economic dynamism and foster cultural integration.
It must take advantage of the diversity of existing modes of transportation and take into account local solutions for addressing environmental and climate issues. It must also consider regional perspectives for technological production and development and the possibility of creating regional public enterprises. Here, we need to think big, as problems in long-distance transportation cannot be resolved by building more highways.
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