It may be pertinent to note at this point that while, ostensibly, sixteen amendments have been made in the Constitution so far, the ninth and the eleventh Constitutional Amendments were, however, passed by the Senate alone and fifteenth by the National Assembly alone, hence these amendments lapsed.
The fourteenth Amendment in the Constitution empowered a check on floor crossing of legislators. The President Mr. Muhammad Rafiq Tarar was, however allowed to continue in his office. Under PCO order No. Order No. The Court in its judgment on 12th May validated the military takeover by giving three years time frame to the government, starting from 12th October The Court in its judgment asked the government to complete its agenda and then hand over powers to the elected government.
The court also allowed the military government to bring necessary Constitutional Amendments, provided that those should not change the basic feature of Federal Parliamentary democracy, independence of judiciary and Islamic provisions in the Constitution. The court reserved the right of Judicial Review and power of validity of any act or any action of the government, if challenged, in the light of State necessity.
On 20th June , through a notification C. On the same day, through another Order C. The elections for twelfth National Assembly was held on 10th October On this issue, Opposition Parties submitted a resolution for vote of no confidence against Speaker National Assembly on June 20, which was rejected on June 28, National Assembly of Pakistan expressed confidence in the leadership of President General Pervez Musharaf through the resolution on January 1, Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain was elected the 21st Prime Minister of Pakistan on June 29, and obtained a vote of confidence from the National Assembly on June 30, National Assembly of Pakistan completed its Constitutional tenure on November 15, After the resignation from the post of Chief of Army Staff, Mr.
The date of next General Election was fixed for January 28, After the assassination of Muhatarma Benazir Bhutto on December 27, , date of election was rescheduled for February 18, The first session of the National Assembly was held on 17th March Fehmida Mirza and Mr. He addressed the Joint Session of the Parliament on September 20, The historic 18th Constitutional Amendment was presented and passed by the National Assembly on April 8, and Senate on April 15, respectively.
In pursuance of Article 52 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan the 13th National Assembly stands dissolved on the completion of its constitutional term of five years on 16th March Justice R Mir Hazar Khan Khoso took oath as caretaker Prime Minister Islamic Republic of Pakistan on 25th March and completed his tenure on June 5, after conducting successful general elections in the country on 11th May Fehmida Mirza administered the oath from the newly elected Members.
The transition of power from one elected government to the newly democratically elected government was smooth and historic milestone achieved in a very transparent manner. Mamnoon Hussain was elected to the office of the President. Mamnoon Hussain addressed the both Houses assembled together on 2nd June, under clause 3 of Article 56 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
Mamnoon Hussain addressed the both Houses assembled together on 4th June, under the Clause 3 of Article 56 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Mamnoon Hussain addressed the both Houses assembled together on 1st June, under clause 3 of Article 56 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. His Excellency Mr.
In pursuance of Article 52 of the Constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan the 14th National Assembly stands dissolved on completion of its five year term on 31st May, The first session of the 15th National Assembly of Pakistan was held on 13th August, and Members elect took oath as Members of the National Assembly. Sardar Ayaz Sadiq administered the oath from the newly elected members. They requested that the Confederation Congress issue formal invitations to the states to appoint delegates to meet in Philadelphia.
This Constitutional Convention drew fifty-five delegates from all but one of the states. Rhode Island, fearing national interference in its own state economic initiatives, stayed away.
The Confederation Congress had also met there until , when American soldiers marched on Philadelphia to demand their unpaid salaries. Unable to raise sufficient funds either to provide for the military, or to protect itself, Congress hastily departed. Real power rested with the individual states. The Articles of Confederation established a single legislature but no executive or judiciary branch.
In that Congress, all the states had an equal vote, regardless of size. Delegates from seven states had to be present in order to conduct business. To amend the Articles required the unanimous agreement of all the states. These requirements made it difficult to get much done. The national government could make treaties and declare war, but it could not raise taxes or require the states to provide the funds that it requested.
The weak national government was in no position to prevent the American economy from sinking into depression. In Massachusetts, during the winter of , deeply indebted farmers whose land was being foreclosed refused to pay their state taxes, shut down the local courts, and seized a government arsenal.
So lost! It is really mortifying. Yet Americans had only recently rebelled against a tyrannical government, and remained suspicious of a concentration of government power. This was the dilemma facing the delegates who gathered in Philadelphia. Fortunately, they were well educated and experienced in law and government. Eight of them had signed the Declaration of Independence. A third had served in the Continental Army during the American Revolution. Most had been members of the Continental Congress or the Congress under the Articles of Confederation.
They ranged from young men, including James Madison and Alexander Hamilton, who were still in their thirties, to the eighty-year-old Benjamin Franklin.
They were merchants, planters, and professionals who had a personal interest in creating and preserving a stable society. Some of them had read widely in history and philosophy and had studied other forms of government, from republics to monarchies.
As British subjects by birth, all the delegates shared in the British legal tradition dating back to the writing of the Magna Carta the Great Charter in , which stated that all people have rights that even a king has to respect. The delegates to the Constitutional Convention were also influenced by the ideas of philosophers from the European Enlightenment, the eighteenth-century intellectual movement that emphasized rational thought. These philosophers had defined ideal governments as ones in which power was separated between executive, legislative, and judicial branches that could check and balance each other.
As North Americans, the delegates had the additional example of the Iroquois Confederation, in which five Native American tribes in New York State governed themselves independently but also sent their chiefs to a Great Council to make decisions on larger issues of war and peace affecting the five tribes. In writing a constitution the delegates departed from the practice in Great Britain, where the government was established not by a single document but rather by the entire body of British common law, the rulings of judges and parliamentary legislation.
The delegates were instead continuing a colonial tradition that dated back to the Mayflower Compact of , and other colonial charters. These systems had accustomed Americans to the idea of a single document serving as a contract between the people and their government. He graduated from the College of New Jersey later Princeton University during the American Revolution, but his fragile health kept him from military service. He served in both the Continental Congress and the Confederation Congress, and was a delegate to the Annapolis Convention.
Having lost faith in the government formed under the Articles of Confederation, he actively promoted the Constitutional Convention and took the lead in drafting the Virginia Plan, which offered the basic structure of the new government.
There he led the Federalists and sponsored the Bill of Rights. When Jefferson became President in he named Madison as his secretary of state. Later Madison succeeded Jefferson, serving as President from to During his administration, the United States declared war on Great Britain. In August , British troops invaded Washington, D. Madison devoted his last years as President to rebuilding the capital and the national economy. At the time of his death in , James Madison was the last surviving delegate to the Constitutional Convention.
Randolph introduced the Virginia Plan, which outlined a Congress with two bodies: a House of Representatives and a Senate. Twenty-eighth Amendment - Presented in National Assembly on March 10th, - to re-enact expired provisions of the Twenty-first amendment.
Eventually enacted as the Constitution Twenty-fourth Amendment Act, Twenty-ninth Amendment - Presented in National Assembly on May 15th, - to introduce Executive Magistracy, reduce minimum age of High Court judges and to remove some contradictory language in relation to the President and the Cabinet.
The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Quaid-e-Azam M. Jinnah's address to the Constituent Assembly -August 11, The text of the Constitution has been updated to incorporate the 25th Amendment Act to mainstream the Federally Administered Tribal Areas , which received the assent of the President on May 31, Article Navigation. Close mobile search navigation Article Navigation.
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